=========================================================== UDYOGAPARVAM =========================================================== Two versions of "The Mahabharata" were used for this transalation I) available from internet at http://www.hscc.net/mahabharata/txt/05.txt in Itrans format. II) Gita press edition =========================================================== Dr. Sarasvati Mohan, Vikram Santurkar - October 2000 =========================================================== The transalation is organized as follows : Sloka - Sloka in original form. Padavibhaaga - Identification and separation of words from Sandhi. Anvaya - Sloka in prose order. Pratipadaartha - Meanings of each word in prose order Anuvaada - Transalation Certain compounds are explained in full detail. =========================================================== ================== Udyogaparvam - Section 5 ================== vaasudeva uvAcha Vasudeva (Krishna) speaks shlokaH 1 upapannamida.n vAkyaM somakAnA.n dhuraMdhare . arthasiddhikara.n rAGYaH pANDavasya mahaujasaH .. 1..\\ padavibhaagaH upapannam ida.n vAkyaM somakAnA.n dhuraMdhare. artha-siddhi-kara.n rAGYaH pANDavasya mahA-ojasaH. anvayaH somakAnA.n dhuraMdhare ida.n upapannam vAkyaM pANDavasya mahA-ojasaH rAGYaH artha-siddhi-kara.n. pratipadaarthaH somakAnA.n=of the Somaka people; dhuraMdhare=in the chief, leader; (namely Drupada); ida.n=these; upapannam=appropriate, proper; vAkyaM=words; pANDavasya=of the Pandavas; mahA-ojasaH(comp.) mahA=great; ojasaH=splendour, strength; mahA-ojasaH (comp.)= one who has great strength, brilliance; rAGYaH=of King (namely Yudhisthira); artha-siddhi-kara.n(comp.) artha=purpose, wish; siddhi=achieve; kara.n=does; artha-siddhi-kara.n =that which achieves the objective; Note: The word upapannam is used with gen., loc. forms - in this case dhuraMdhare in the sense of being produced by him. anuvaadaH Krishna says: The leader of Somaka people, Drupada, has (said) these appropriate words, that achieves the objective of the great brilliant king of Pandavas, Yudhisthira. shlokaH 2 etachcha pUrvakAryaM naH sunItamabhikA~NkShatAm . anyathA hyAcharankarma puruShaH syAtsubAlishaH .. 2..\\ padavibhaagaH etat cha pUrvakAryaM naH sunItam abhikA~NkShatAm. anyathA hi Acharan karma puruShaH syAt subAlishaH. anvayaH etat cha pUrvakAryaM sunItam abhikA~NkShatAm naH. puruShaH anyathA hi Acharan karma subAlishaH syAt. pratipadaarthaH etat=This; cha=and; pUrvakAryaM=should be the first duty,work; sunItam=good leading; abhikA~NkShatAm=(of) wishing; naH=of us; puruShaH=person; anyathA=otherwise, in a different way; hi=indeed; Acharan=doing; karma=work; subAlishaH=childish, foolish; syAt=should be; anuvaadaH This should be our first duty, if we are desiring to be well led. The person doing work other than this, indeed, should be foolish. shlokaH 3 ki.ntu sambandhakaM tulyamasmAkaM kurupANDuShu . yatheShTa.n vartamAneShu pANDaveShu cha teShu cha .. 3..\\ padavibhaagaH ki.ntu sambandhakaM tulyam asmAkaM kurupANDuShu . yatheShTa.n vartamAneShu pANDaveShu cha teShu cha . anvayaH ki.ntu asmAkaM sambandhakaM kurupANDuShu tulyam (asti). vartamAneShu yatheShTa.n pANDaveShu cha teShu cha . pratipadaarthaH ki.ntu=but; asmAkaM=our; sambandhakaM=relationship; kurupANDuShu=between Kuru and Pandavas; tulyam=equal, no difference; (asti)=is; vartamAneShu=in the present time; yatheShTa.n=as much as desired for; pANDaveShu=in Pandavas; cha=and; teShu=in them (Kauravas) cha=and; anuvaadaH But, our relationship between Kurus and Pandavas is equal. In the present time, it is as much as desired for, in Pandavas as in Kauravas. shlokaH 4 te vivAhArthamAnItAH vaya.n sarve yathA bhavAn . kR^ite vivAhe muditAH gamiShyAmo gR^ihAnprati .. 4..\\ padavibhaagaH te vivAhArtham AnItAH vaya.n sarve yathA bhavAn. kR^ite vivAhe muditAH gamiShyAmaH gR^ihAn prati . anvayaH vaya.n sarve vivAhArtham AnItAH yathA bhavAn. kR^ite vivAhe muditAH gamiShyAmaH gR^ihAn prati . pratipadaarthaH vaya.n=we; sarve=all; vivAhArtham=for the wedding; AnItAH=being brought; yathA=just as; bhavAn=you; kR^ite vivAhe=when the wedding is done; muditAH=pleased; gamiShyAmaH=we will go; gR^ihAn=(to) homes; prati=toward. Note: gR^ihAn (2nd plural) is used as in masculine nouns, whereas it is neuter gR^ihANi in general. anuvaadaH We all have come for the wedding just as you. When the wedding is done, we are pleased and will go to our homes. shlokaH 5 bhavAnvR^iddhatamo rAGYA.n vayasA cha shrutena cha . shiShyavatte vaya.n sarve bhavAmeha na saMshayaH .. 5..\\ padavibhaagaH bhavAn vR^iddhatamaH rAGYA.n vayasA cha shrutena cha . shiShyavat te vaya.n sarve bhavAma iha na saMshayaH . anvayaH bhavAn vR^iddhatamaH rAGYA.n vayasA cha shrutena cha. vaya.n sarve te shiShyavat bhavAma iha na saMshayaH. pratipadaarthaH bhavAn=you; vR^iddhatamaH=most elder; rAGYA.n=amongst kings; vayasA=by age; cha=and; shrutena=by learning; cha=and vaya.n=we; sarve=all; te=of you; shiShyavat=resemble students; bhavAma=should be; iha=here; na=no; saMshayaH=doubt. anuvaadaH You are the eldest amongst kings, by age and learning. We all should be students of you, in that there is no doubt. shlokaH 6 bhavanta.n dhR^itarAShTrashcha satataM bahu manyate . AchAryayoH sakhA chAsi droNasya cha kR^ipasya cha .. 6..\\ padavibhaagaH bhavanta.n dhR^itarAShTraH cha satataM bahu manyate . AchAryayoH sakhA cha asi droNasya cha kR^ipasya cha . anvayaH dhR^itarAShTraH cha bhavanta.n satataM bahu manyate. sakhA cha asi AchAryayoH droNasya cha kR^ipasya cha. pratipadaarthaH dhR^itarAShTraH=Dhritharashtra; cha=and; bhavanta.n=you; satataM=always; bahu=great; manyate=thinks, considers; bahu manyate=to think or esteem highly; sakhA=friend; cha=and; asi=are; AchAryayoH=of the teachers; droNasya=of Drona; cha=and; kR^ipasya=Kripacharya. anuvaadaH Dhritharashtra thinks of you in high esteem. You are also a friend of the teachers, Drona and Kripa. shlokaH 7 sa bhavAnpreShayatvadya pANDavArthakara.n vachaH . sarveShAM nishchita.n tannaH preShayiShyati yadbhavAn .. 7..\\ padavibhaagaH saH bhavAn preShayatu adya pANDavArthakara.n vachaH. sarveShAM nishchita.n tat naH preShayiShyati yat bhavAn . anvayaH adya saH bhavAn pANDavArthakara.n vachaH preShayatu. yat bhavAn preShayiShyati tat naH sarveShAM nishchita.n. pratipadaarthaH adya=today; saH=that; bhavAn=You; pANDavArthakara.n=for the benefit of Pandavas; vachaH=message; preShayatu=should send; yat=Whatever; bhavAn=you; preShayiShyati=will send; tat=that; naH=of us; sarveShAM=all; nishchita.n=decided, concluded. anuvaadaH Today, you should send your message for the benefit of Pandavas. Whatever you will send, that is the decision of all of us. shlokaH 8 yadi tAvachchhama.n kuryAnnyAyena kurupu~NgavaH . na bhavetkurupANDUnA.n saubhrAtreNa mahAn kShayaH .. 8..\\ padavibhaagaH yadi tAvat shama.n kuryAt nyAyena kuru-pu~NgavaH . na bhavet kurupANDUnA.n saubhrAtreNa mahAn kShayaH . anvayaH yadi kuru-pu~NgavaH nyAyena tAvat shama.n kuryAt kurupANDUnA.n saubhrAtreNa mahAn kShayaH na bhavet. pratipadaarthaH yadi=if; kuru-pu~NgavaH(comp.) kurunAm=Of all Kuru members; pu~NgavaH=(at the end of comp.) best, pre-eminent of any group; kuru-pu~NgavaH=best of Kurus, Duryodhana; nyAyena=by law, in fairness; tAvat=To that extent; shama.n=peace; kuryAt=should do; kurupANDUnA.n=Of Kurus and Pandavas; saubhrAtreNa=by the brotherly feeling; mahAn=great; kShayaH=war; na=not; bhavet=should be. anuvaadaH If the best of Kurus, Duryodhana, should by law, accept peace then the great war of Kuru-Pandava brothers, would not occur. shlokaH 9 atha darpAnvito mohAnna kuryAddhR^itarAShTrajaH . anyeShAM preShayitvA cha pashchAdasmAnsamAhvayeH .. 9..\\ padavibhaagaH atha darpAnvitaH mohAt na kuryAt dhR^itarAShTrajaH . anyeShAM preShayitvA cha pashchAt asmAn samAhvayeH . anvayaH atha mohAt darpAnvitaH dhR^itarAShTrajaH na kuryAt. anyeShAM preShayitvA cha pashchAt asmAn samAhvayeH. pratipadaarthaH atha=Thus, that; mohAt=due to haughtiness; darpAnvitaH=filled with pride; dhR^itarAShTrajaH=Duryodhana; na=not; kuryAt=would do; anyeShAM=Others; preShayitvA=after sending; cha=and; pashchAt=after that; asmAn=us; samAhvayeH=(you) should invite. anuvaadaH Thus, from delusion and filled with pride, Duryodhana would not do that [make peace].After sending [speedy messengers] to others you [Drupada] should invite us. shlokaH 10 tato duryodhano mandaH sahAmAtyaH sabAndhavaH . niShTAmApatsyate mUDhaH kruddhe gANDIvadhanvani .. 10..\\ padavibhaagaH tataH duryodhanaH mandaH sahAmAtyaH sabAndhavaH . niShTAm Apatsyate mUDhaH kruddhe gANDIvadhanvani . anvayaH tataH kruddhe gANDIvadhanvani mUDhaH mandaH duryodhanaH sahAmAtyaH sabAndhavaH niShTAm Apatsyate. pratipadaarthaH tataH=then; kruddhe gANDIvadhanvani=when Arjuna is angry; mUDhaH=stupid; mandaH=slow; duryodhanaH=Duryodhana; sahAmAtyaH=with ministers; sabAndhavaH=with friends; niShTAm=reach end,death; Apatsyate=will get. anuvaadaH Then, when Arujuna, who wields the gandiva bow, is angry, the stupid, slow minded Duryodhana with ministers and friends will get killed. vaishampAyana uvAcha Vaishampayana speaks shlokaH 11 tataH satkR^itya vArShNeya.n virATaH pR^ithivIpatiH . gR^ihAnprasthApayAmAsa sagaNa.n sahabAndhavam .. 11..\\ padavibhaagaH tataH satkR^itya vArShNeya.n virATaH pR^ithivIpatiH . gR^ihAn prasthApayAmAsa sagaNa.n sahabAndhavam . anvayaH tataH pR^ithivIpatiH virATaH vArShNeya.n satkR^itya sagaNa.n sahabAndhavam gR^ihAn prasthApayAmAsa. pratipadaarthaH tataH=then; pR^ithivIpatiH=Lord; virATaH=Virata; vArShNeya.n=Krishna; satkR^itya=having honoured; sagaNa.n=with group; sahabAndhavam= with relatives; gR^ihAn=home; prasthApayAmAsa=departed. anuvaadaH Then, after King Virata honoured Shri Krishna, with his group and relatives, and sent them to their homes. shlokaH 12 dvArakA.n tu gate kR^iShNe yudhiShThirapurogamAH . chakruH sA~NgrAmika.n sarvaM virATashcha mahIpatiH .. 12..\\ padavibhaagaH dvArakA.n tu gate kR^iShNe yudhiShThirapurogamAH . chakruH sA~NgrAmika.n sarvaM virATaH cha mahIpatiH . anvayaH dvArakA.n tu gate kR^iShNe yudhiShThirapurogamAH mahIpatiH virATaH cha sarvaM sA~NgrAmika.n chakruH. pratipadaarthaH dvArakA.n=Dwaraka; tu=indeed; gate=went; kR^iShNe=Krishna; gate kR^iShNe=When Krishna went to Dwaraka; yudhiShThirapurogamAH=Yudhisthira and others; mahIpatiH=King; virATaH=Virata; cha=and; sarvaM=all; sA~NgrAmika.n=activity related to war; chakruH=did. anuvaadaH When Shri Krishna had gone to Dwaraka, all of them beginning with Yudhisthira and King Virata, made preparations related to war. shlokaH 13 tataH sampreShayAmAsa virATaH saha bAndhavaiH . sarveShAM bhUmipAlAnA.n drupadashcha mahIpatiH .. 13..\\ padavibhaagaH tataH sampreShayAmAsa virATaH saha bAndhavaiH . sarveShAM bhUmipAlAnA.n drupadaH cha mahIpatiH . anvayaH tataH virATaH saha bAndhavaiH mahIpatiH drupadaH cha sarveShAM bhUmipAlAnA.n sampreShayAmAsa. pratipadaarthaH tataH=Then; virATaH=Virata; saha=with; bAndhavaiH=friends; mahIpatiH=King; drupadaH=Drupada; sarveShAM=all; cha=and; bhUmipAlAnA.n=Kings; sampreShayAmAsa=sent invitation. anuvaadaH Then King Virata along with friends and King Drupada also sent invitation to all the kings. Note: The verbal form sampreShayAmAsa is used individually for the two subjects. shlokaH 14 vachanAt kurusi.nhAnAM matsyapA~nchAlayoshcha te . samAjagmurmahIpAlAH samprahR^iShTA mahAbalAH .. 14..\\ padavibhaagaH vachanAt kurusi.nhAnAM matsyapA~nchAlayoH cha te . samAjagmuH mahIpAlAH samprahR^iShTAH mahAbalAH . anvayaH kurusi.nhAnAM matsyapA~nchAlayoH cha vachanAt te mahIpAlAH samprahR^iShTAH mahAbalAH samAjagmuH. pratipadaarthaH kurusi.nhAnAM=of the great warrirors (lions) of Kuru clan, Pandavas; matsyapA~nchAlayoH=of kings of Matsya and Panchala, Virata and Drupada; cha=and; vachanAt=from their words[invitations]; te=they; mahIpAlAH=kings; samprahR^iShTAH=excited, aroused; mahAbalAH=great warrirors; samAjagmuH=arrived. anuvaadaH Having heard the invitations of the great warriors of Kurus, the Pandavas, and kings Drupada and Virata, the kings and excited warriors arrived. shlokaH 15 tachchhrutvA pANDuputrANA.n samAgachchhanmahadbalam . dhR^itarAShTrasutAshchApi samAninyuH mahIpatIn .. 15..\\ padavibhaagaH tat shrutvA pANDuputrANA.n samAgachchhat mahadbalam . dhR^itarAShTrasutAH cha api samAninyuH mahIpatIn . anvayaH pANDuputrANA.n samAgachchhat mahadbalam. tat shrutvA dhR^itarAShTrasutAH cha api mahIpatIn samAninyuH. pratipadaarthaH pANDuputrANA.n=Of the Pandavas; samAgachchhat=collected; mahadbalam=great strength; tat=that; shrutvA=having heard; dhR^itarAShTrasutAH=sons of Dhritarashtra; cha=and; api=also; mahIpatIn=kings; samAninyuH=invited. anuvaadaH The Pandavas assembled a great army. Hearing this, the sons of Dhritharashtra also invited the kings. shlokaH 16 samAkulA mahI rAjankurupANDavakAraNAt . tadA samabhavatkR^itsnA samprayANe mahIkShitAm .. 16..\\ padavibhaagaH samAkulA mahI rAjan kurupANDavakAraNAt . tadA samabhavat kR^itsnA samprayANe mahIkShitAm . anvayaH rAjan tadA kurupANDavakAraNAt mahIkShitAm samprayANe kR^itsnA mahI samAkulA samabhavat. pratipadaarthaH rAjan=O King; tadA=then; kurupANDavakAraNAt=on account of Kurus and Pandavas; mahIkShitAm=kings; samprayANe=in departure; kR^itsnA=entire; mahI=earth; samAkulA=shaken-up, agitated; samabhavat =became. anuvaadaH O King, then, on account of the Kuru-Pandava invitations, the departure/movement of the kings, made the entire earth tremble. shlokaH 17 balAni teShA.n vIrANAmAgachchhanti tatastataH . chAlayantIva gA.n devI.n saparvatavanAmimAm .. 17..\\ padavibhaagaH balAni teShA.n vIrANAm Agachchhanti tatastataH. chAlayanti iva gA.n devI.n saparvatavanAm imAm. anvayaH teShA.n vIrANAm balAni Agachchhanti tatastataH. imAm saparvatavanAm gA.n devI.n chAlayanti iva. pratipadaarthaH teShA.n=of them; vIrANAm=warriors; balAni=armies; Agachchhanti=that are coming; tatastataH=from all directions; imAm=This; saparvatavanAm=with mountains and forests; gA.n=earth; devI.n=godess; chAlayanti=moving,shaking; iva=just like. anuvaadaH The armies of the warrirors coming from all directions, appeared as though, they are moving this mountaineous and forested, godess, earth shlokaH 18 tataH praGYAvayovR^iddhaM pA~nchAlyaH svapurohitam . kurubhyaH preShayAmAsa yudhiShThiramate sthitaH .. 18..\\ padavibhaagaH tataH praGYAvayovR^iddhaM pA~nchAlyaH svapurohitam . kurubhyaH preShayAmAsa yudhiShThiramate sthitaH. anvayaH tataH pA~nchAlyaH praGYAvayovR^iddhaM svapurohitam yudhiShThiramate sthitaH kurubhyaH preShayAmAsa. pratipadaarthaH tataH=then; pA~nchAlyaH=Drupada; praGYAvayovR^iddhaM=one who is intelligent and well aged; svapurohitam=his own advisor; yudhiShThiramate=in the mind of Yudhisthira; sthitaH=situated; kurubhyaH=for the Kurus; preShayAmAsa=sent. anuvaadaH Then, Drupada sent his intelligent and well aged advisor, with Yudhisthira's message for the Kurus. ================== End - Section 5 ==================