=========================================================== UDYOGAPARVAM =========================================================== Two versions of "The Mahabharata" were used for this transalation I) available from internet at http://www.hscc.net/mahabharata/txt/05.txt in Itrans format. II) Gita press edition =========================================================== Dr. Sarasvati Mohan, Vikram Santurkar - July 2000 =========================================================== The transalation is organized as follows : Sloka - Sloka in original form. Padavibhaaga - Identification and separation of words from Sandhi. Anvaya - Sloka in prose order. Pratipadaartha - Meanings of each word in prose order Anuvaada - Transalation Certain compounds are explained in full detail. =========================================================== ================== Udyogaparvam - Section 3 ================== saatyaki shlokaH 1 yAdR^ishaH puruShasyAtmA tAdR^isha.n samprabhAShate . yathA rUpo.antarAtmA te tathArUpaM prabhAShase .. 1..\\ padavibhaagaH yAdR^ishaH puruShasya AtmA tAdR^isha.n samprabhAShate . yathArUpaH antar-AtmA te tathArUpaM prabhAShase .. anvayaH yAdR^ishaH puruShasya AtmA (asti) tAdR^isha.n samprabhAShate. (he balarAma) yathArUpaH te antar-AtmA (asti) tathArUpaM prabhAShase . pratipadaarthaH yAdR^ishaH=in what way; puruShasya=of a person; AtmA=self; (asti)=is tAdR^isha.n=in that way; samprabhAShate=he speaks; (he balarAma)=O Balarama; yathArUpaH=in what form; antar-AtmA=inner self; (asti)=is tathArUpaM=in that way; prabhAShase=you speak. anuvaadaH A person speaks according to the nature of his inner self. O Balarama, you speak according to your inner self shlokaH 2 santi vai puruShAH shUrAH santi kApuruShAstathA . ubhAvetau dR^iDhau pakShau dR^ishyete puruShAnprati .. 2..\\ padavibhaagaH santi vai puruShAH shUrAH santi kApuruShAH tathA . ubhau etau dR^iDhau pakShau dR^ishyete puruShAn prati .. anvayaH shUrAH puruShAH santi tathA kApuruShAH (api) santi. puruShAn prati etau ubhau dR^iDhau pakShau dR^ishyete. pratipadaarthaH shUrAH=Noble; puruShAH=men; santi=are there; tathA=so also; kApuruShAH=weak men; (api)=also santi=are there; puruShAn=men prati=amongst; etau=these; ubhau=both; dR^iDhau=strong; pakShau=groups; dR^ishyete=are seen. anuvaadaH There are noble men as well as weak men. Amongst men these are the two strong groups seen. shlokaH 3 ekasminneva jAyete kule klIbamahArathau . phalAphalavatI shAkhe yathaikasminvanaspatau .. 3..\\ padavibhaagaH ekasmin eva jAyete kule klIba-mahArathau. phala-aphalavatI shAkhe yathA ekasmin vanaspatau .. anvayaH yathA ekasmin vanaspatau phala-aphalavatI shAkhe. ekasmin eva kule klIba-mahArathau jAyete. pratipadaarthaH yathA=just as; ekasmin=in one; vanaspatau=in tree; phala-aphalavatI=with and without fruit; shAkhe=two branches; ekasmin=in one; eva=only; kule=family; klIba-mahArathau (comp.) klIbaH=impotent; mahArathaH=great warrior; klIba-mahArathau=both impotent and great warrior; jAyete=are born; anuvaadaH In one family there are both great warriors and impotent offsprings, just as, in one tree, there are two branches with and without fruit. Note: phala-aphalavatI should require phala-aphalavatyau in dual, but the author has used phala-aphalavatI (matiH type) which is unusual. shlokaH 4 nAbhyasUyAmi te vAkyaM bruvato lA~Ngaladhvaja . ye tu shR^iNvanti te vAkya.n tAnasUyAmi mAdhava .. 4..\\ padavibhaagaH na abhyasUyAmi te vAkyaM bruvataH lA~Ngaladhvaja . ye tu shR^iNvanti te vAkya.n tAn asUyAmi mAdhava .. anvayaH (he) lA~Ngaladhvaja te bruvataH vAkyaM na abhyasUyAmi. (he) mAdhava ye tu te vAkya.n shR^iNvanti tAn asUyAmi.. pratipadaarthaH (he) lA~Ngaladhvaja=O Balarama; te=your; bruvataH=who is speaking; vAkyaM=words; na=not; abhyasUyAmi=displeased; (he) mAdhava=O Balarama; ye=whoever; tu=indeed; te=your; vAkya.n=words; shR^iNvanti=are listening; tAn=to them; asUyAmi=displeased anuvaadaH O Balarama, I (Satyaki) am not displeased at your words. Indeed, I am displeased at those who are listening to your words. shlokaH 5 katha.n hi dharmarAjasya doShamalpamapi bruvan . labhate pariShanmadhye vyAhartumakutobhayaH .. 5..\\ padavibhaagaH katha.n hi dharmarAjasya doShaM alpaM api bruvan. labhate pariShat-madhye vyAhartuM akuto-bhayaH.. anvayaH katha.n hi dharmarAjasya alpaM doShaM api bruvan. (katha.n hi) pariShat-madhye akuto-bhayaH vyAhartuM labhate. pratipadaarthaH katha.n=how; hi=indeed; dharmarAjasya=of Yudhisthira; alpaM=minor; doShaM=fault; api=also; bruvan=speak; (katha.n hi) pariShat=group; madhye=in the middle of; akuto-bhayaH(comp.) akutaH=not from anywhere; bhayaH=fear; akuto-bhayaH=not having any fear,secure; vyAhartuM=to narrate; labhate=(you) could get by. anuvaadaH How indeed, you speak of even a minor fault of Yudhisthira. And also, how in the middle of the gathering, you are able to narrate that without fear. shlokaH 6 samAhUya mahAtmAna.n jitavanto.akShakovidAH . anakShaGYa.n yathAshraddha.n teShu dharmajayaH kutaH .. 6..\\ padavibhaagaH samAhUya mahAtmAna.n jitavantaH akShakovidAH . anakShaGYa.n yathAshraddha.n teShu dharmajayaH kutaH . anvayaH samAhUya akShakovidAH anakShaGYa.n yathAshraddha.n mahAtmAna.n jitavantaH. teShu dharmajayaH kutaH. pratipadaarthaH samAhUya=having invited; akShakovidAH=experts in gambling; anakShaGYa.n=not-knowledgable in gambling; yathAshraddha.n=following instincts; mahAtmAna.n=to Yudhisthira; jitavantaH=was defeated teShu=in that; dharmajayaH=ethical victory; kutaH=where. anuvaadaH The experts in gambling invited him, the straight-forward Yudhisthira who is not knowledgable in gambling and defeated him. In that where is the ethical (fair) victory. shlokaH 7 yadi kuntIsuta.n gehe krIDantaM bhrAtR^ibhiH saha . abhigamya jayeyuste tatteShA.n dharmato bhavet .. 7..\\ padavibhaagaH yadi kuntIsuta.n gehe krIDantaM bhrAtR^ibhiH saha . abhigamya jayeyuH te tat teShA.n dharmataH bhavet . anvayaH yadi bhrAtR^ibhiH saha gehe krIDantaM kuntIsuta.n te abhigamya jayeyuH tat teShA.n dharmataH bhavet. pratipadaarthaH yadi=if; bhrAtR^ibhiH=with brothers; saha=together; gehe=at home; krIDantaM=playing; kuntIsuta.n=Yudhisthira; te=they(Kauravas); abhigamya=having gone; jayeyuH=should win; tat=that; teShA.n=their; dharmataH=honorable; bhavet=should be. anuvaadaH If the Kauravas should defeat Yudhisthira, (usually/daily) playing at home, in the presence of his brothers, then that should be a fair victory. shlokaH 8 samAhUya tu rAjAna.n kShatradharmarata.n sadA . nikR^ityA jitavantaste kiM nu teShAM para.n shubham .. 8..\\ padavibhaagaH samAhUya tu rAjAna.n kShatradharmarata.n sadA . nikR^ityA jitavantaH te kiM nu teShAM para.n shubham . anvayaH sadA kShatradharmarata.n rAjAna.n samAhUya tu te nikR^ityA jitavantaH. kiM nu teShAM para.n shubham. pratipadaarthaH sadA=always; kShatra-dharma-rata.n=keeping Kshatriya dharma; rAjAna.n=to king; samAhUya=having invited; tu=indeed; te=they; nikR^ityA=with deceit; jitavantaHhave won; kiM=what; nu=indeed; teShAM=of them; para.n=great; shubham=good. anuvaadaH They (Kauravas) having invited Yudhisthira the (follower of the Kshatriya dharma) and defeated him by deceit. What is their greatness in that? shlokaH 9 kathaM praNipatechchAyamiha kR^itvA paNaM param . vanavAsAdvimuktastu prAptaH paitAmahaM padam .. 9..\\ padavibhaagaH kathaM praNipatet cha ayam iha kR^itvA paNaM param . vanavAsAt vimuktaH tu prAptaH paitAmahaM padam. anvayaH iha ayam paNaM param kR^itvA cha kathaM praNipatet. vanavAsAt vimuktaH tu prAptaH paitAmahaM padam. pratipadaarthaH iha=in this case; ayam=he; paNaM=stake at play; param=great; kR^itvA=having done; kathaM=how; praNipatet=bow down; vanavAsAt=from the exile; vimuktaH=free from; tu=indeed; prAptaH=obtained; paitAmahaM=paternal, ancestral; padam=title, place. anuvaadaH In this case, having kept his difficult oath, how can Yudhisthira bow down (to the Kauravas)? Indeed, the ancestral title, is (automatically) obtained by him being freed from the exile. shlokaH 10 yadyayaM paravittAni kAmayeta yudhiShThiraH . evamapyayamatyantaM parAnnArhati yAchitum .. 10..\\ padavibhaagaH yadi ayaM paravittAni kAmayeta yudhiShThiraH. evam api ayam atyantaM parAn na arhati yAchitum. anvayaH yadi ayaM yudhiShThiraH paravittAni kAmayeta evam api ayam parAn yAchitum atyantaM na arhati. pratipadaarthaH yadi=if; ayaM=this; yudhiShThiraH=Yudhisthira; paravittAni=others wealth; kAmayeta=desires; evam=even then; api=also; ayam=he; parAn=to others; yAchitum=to beg; atyantaM=excessively; na=not; arhati=deserve. anuvaadaH (From previous, rightfully Yudhisthira can claim the paternal property.) Even if he (wrongly) desires others wealth, then also he does not deserve at all to beg them. shlokaH 11 katha.n cha dharmayuktAste na cha rAjyaM jihIrShavaH . nivR^ittavAsAnkaunteyAnya AhurviditA iti .. 11..\\ padavibhaagaH katha.n cha dharmayuktAH te na cha rAjyaM jihIrShavaH . nivR^ittavAsAn kaunteyAn ye AhuH viditAH iti . anvayaH katha.n cha te dharmayuktAH rAjyaM na jihIrShavaH. nivR^ittavAsAn kaunteyAn (te) AhuH ye viditAH iti. pratipadaarthaH katha.n=How; cha=and; te=they; dharmayuktAH=with dharma; rAjyaM=kingdom; na=not; jihIrShavaH=wish to take; nivR^ittavAsAt=having completed their stay (exile); kaunteyAn =Pandavas; (te)=they; AhuH=say; ye=whoever; viditAH=known; iti=thus. anuvaadaH And how can it be said that, they(Kauravas) are with dharma, and do not wish to seize the kingdom. The Kauravas, say, that the Pandavas, were recognized by them eventhough they have completed their stay. shlokaH 12 anunItA hi bhIShmeNa droNena cha mahAtmanA . na vyavasyanti pANDUnAM pradAtuM paitR^ika.n vasu .. 12..\\ padavibhaagaH anunItAH hi bhIShmeNa droNena cha mahAtmanA. na vyavasyanti pANDUnAM pradAtuM paitR^ika.n vasu. anvayaH bhIShmeNa mahAtmanA droNena cha hi anunItAH. (te) pANDUnAM paitR^ika.n vasu pradAtuM na vyavasyanti. pratipadaarthaH bhIShmeNa=by Bhishma; mahAtmanA=by great souls; droNena=Drona; cha =and; hi=indeed; anunItAH=being led; (te)=they - (Kauravas); pANDUnAM=of Pandavas; paitR^ika.n=paternal,ancestral; vasu =wealth; pradAtuM=to give; na=not; vyavasyanti=intending, determining. anuvaadaH Being led (advised) by Bhishma and the great souled Drona, they (Kauravas) are not intending, to give back the ancestral wealth of Pandavas. shlokaH 13 aha.n tu tA~nshatairbANairanunIya raNe balAt . pAdayoH pAtayiShyAmi kaunteyasya mahAtmanaH .. 13..\\ padavibhaagaH aha.n tu tAn shataiH bANaiH anunIya raNe balAt . pAdayoH pAtayiShyAmi kaunteyasya mahAtmanaH . anvayaH aha.n tu tAn shataiH bANaiH balAt raNe anunIya mahAtmanaH kaunteyasya pAdayoH pAtayiShyAmi. pratipadaarthaH aha.n=I; tu=indeeed; shataiHby hundreds; bANaiH =arrows; balAt=forcibly; raNe=in the battlefield; tAn=them (Kauravas); anunIya=after chasing; mahAtmanaH=of great person; kaunteyasya=of Yudhisthira; pAdayoH=at the feet; pAtayiShyAmi=will make them fall. anuvaadaH Indeed, I by chasing them (Kauravas) in the battlefield by hundreds of arrows, will make them fall at the feet of the great Yudhisthira. shlokaH 14 atha te na vyavasyanti praNipAtAya dhImataH . gamiShyanti sahAmAtyA yamasya sadanaM prati .. 14..\\ padavibhaagaH atha te na vyavasyanti praNipAtAya dhImataH . gamiShyanti saha-AmAtyAH yamasya sadanaM prati . anvayaH atha te na vyavasyanti praNipAtAya dhImataH . gamiShyanti saha-AmAtyAH yamasya sadanaM prati . pratipadaarthaH atha=then; te=they; na=not; vyavasyanti=will agree, resolve; praNipAtAya=for bowing down; dhImataH=to (the righteous) Yudhisthira; gamiShyanti=will go; saha-AmAtyAH (comp.) saha=along with; AmAtyAH=ministers; saha-AmAtyAH =along with their ministers; yamasya=of Yama; sadanaM =place; prati=towards. anuvaadaH Then, if they will not agree(resolve) to bow down to Yudhisthira, they will go along with their ministers towards Yama's abode (will be killed.) shlokaH 15 na hi te yuyudhAnasya sa.nrabdhasya yuyutsataH . vega.n samarthAH sa.nsoDhuM vajrasyeva mahIdharAH .. 15..\\ padavibhaagaH na hi te yuyudhAnasya sa.nrabdhasya yuyutsataH . vega.n samarthAH sa.nsoDhuM vajrasya iva mahIdharAH . anvayaH te sa.nrabdhasya yuyutsataH yuyudhAnasya vega.n sa.nsoDhuM na samarthAH. (yathA) mahIdharAH vajrasya vega.n sa.nsoDhuM na samarthAH. pratipadaarthaH te=they; sa.nrabdhasya=aroused, excited; yuyutsataH=wish to fight; yuyudhAnasya=satyaki; vega.n=speed; sa.nsoDhuM=to bear; na=not; samarthAH=capable; (yathA)=just as; mahIdharAH=the mountains; vajrasya=of thunder bolt; vega.n=speed; sa.nsoDhuM=to bear; na=not; samarthAH=capable. anuvaadaH They are not capable to bear the speed of the aroused and excited warrior(Satyaki) Just as, the mountains are not capable to bear the speed of thunder bolt of Indra shlokaH 16 ko hi gANDIvadhanvAna.n kashcha chakrAyudha.n yudhi . mA.n chApi viShahetko nu kashcha bhImaM durAsadam .. 16..\\ padavibhaagaH kaH hi gANDIvadhanvAna.n kaH cha chakrAyudha.n yudhi . mA.n cha api viShahet kaH nu kaH cha bhImaM durAsadam . anvayaH kaH hi gANDIvadhanvAna.n chakrAyudha.n durAsadam bhImaM api cha mA.n yudhi viShahet. pratipadaarthaH kaH=who; hi=indeed; gANDIvadhanvAna.n =Arjuna; chakrAyudha.n=Krishna; durAsadam=un-conquerable; bhImaM=Bhima; api=also; cha=and; mA.n=me; yudhi=in the battlefield; viShahet=should bear, endure. anuvaadaH Who indeed, should endure, Arjuna, Krishna, and unconquerable Bhima in the battlefield. shlokaH 17 yamau cha dR^iDhadhanvAnau yamakalpau mahAdyutI . ko jijIviShurAsIdeddhR^iShTadyumna.n cha pArShatam .. 17..\\ padavibhaagaH yamau cha dR^iDhadhanvAnau yamakalpau mahAdyutI. kaH jijIviShuH AsIdet dhR^iShTadyumna.n cha pArShatam. anvayaH dR^iDhadhanvAnau yamakalpau mahAdyutI yamau cha dhR^iShTadyumna.n cha pArShatam kaH jijIviShuH AsIdet pratipadaarthaH dR^iDhadhanvAnau=great archers (2); yamakalpau=almost equal to Yama(2); mahAdyutI= who have great splendour (2); yamau =twins [Nakula and Sahadeva]; cha=and; dhR^iShTadyumna.n=son of Drupada; cha=and; pArShatam=Drupada; kaH=who; jijIviShuH=wishing to live; AsIdet=should attack. anuvaadaH Who, wishing to live, should attack, Nakula and Sahadeva (twins),the two great archers, almost equal to Yama, who have great splendour. Who also should attack son of Drupada and Drupada. shlokaH 18 pa~nchemAnpANDaveyAMshcha draupadyAH kIrtivardhanAn . samapramANAnpANDUnA.n samavIryAnmadotkaTAn .. 18..\\ padavibhaagaH pa~ncha imAn pANDaveyAn cha draupadyAH kIrtivardhanAn . samapramANAn pANDUnA.n samavIryAn madotkaTAn . anvayaH imAn pa~ncha pANDaveyAn draupadyAH kIrtivardhanAn pANDUnA.n samapramANAn samavIryAn madotkaTAn. pratipadaarthaH imAn=these; pa~ncha=five; pANDaveyAn=sons of Pandavas; draupadyAH=of Draupadi's; kIrtivardhanAn=bringing fame to; pANDUnA.n=to Panadavas; samapramANAn=all equal in size; samavIryAn=equal in strength; madotkaTAn=excessively excited (to fight) anuvaadaH (follows from previous - who are willing to fight these?) These five sons of Pandavas, are described as, bringing fame to Draupadi, equal to Pandavas, in strength and excessively excited (to fight). shlokaH 19 saubhadra.n cha maheShvAsamamarairapi duHsaham . gadapradyumnasAmbAMshcha kAlasUryAnalopamAn .. 19..\\ padavibhaagaH saubhadra.n cha maheShvAsam amaraiH api duHsaham. gada-pradyumna-sAmbAn cha kAlasUryAnalopamAn. anvayaH saubhadra.n cha maheShvAsam amaraiH api duHsaham. gada-pradyumna-sAmbAn cha kAlasUryAnalopamAn. pratipadaarthaH saubhadra.n=Saubhadra; cha=and; maheShvAsam=who is a great archer; amaraiH=by Gods; api=even; duHsaham=unbearable; gada-pradyumna-sAmbAn=Balrama, Pradyumna and Samba; cha=and; kAlasUryAnalopamAn=similar to Yama, Sun and Wind; anuvaadaH (follows from previous - who are willing to fight these?) Saubhadra, who is a great archer and un-conquerable by the gods. And Balarama, Pradyumna and Samba who are similar to Yama, Sun and Wind. shlokaH 20 te vaya.n dhR^itarAShTrasya putra.n shakuninA saha . karNena cha nihatyAjAvabhiShekShyAma pANDavam .. 20..\\ padavibhaagaH te vaya.n dhR^itarAShTrasya putra.n shakuninA saha. karNena cha nihatya Ajau abhiShekShyAma pANDavam. anvayaH shakuninA karNena saha dhR^itarAShTrasya putra.n Ajau nihatya te vaya.n pANDavam abhiShekShyAma. pratipadaarthaH shakuninA=with Shakuni; karNena=with Karna; saha=together with; dhR^itarAShTrasya=of Dhritharashtra; putra.n =son; cha=and; Ajau=in the battlefield; nihatya=after killing; te=that; vaya.n=we; pANDavam=Padndavas; abhiShekShyAma=should annoint; anuvaadaH After killing, Dhritharashtra's son along with Shakuni and Karna in the battlefield, we will annoint the Pandava (Yudhisthira) as king. shlokaH 21 nAdharmo vidyate kashchichchhatrUnhatvAtatAyinaH . adharmyamayashasya.n cha shAtravANAM prayAchanam .. 21..\\ padavibhaagaH na adharmaH vidyate kashchit shatrUn hatvA AtatAyinaH . adharmyam ayashasya.n cha shAtravANAM prayAchanam . anvayaH shatrUn AtatAyinaH hatvA adharmaH kashchit na vidyate. shAtravANAM prayAchanam adharmyam ayashasya.n cha (asti). pratipadaarthaH shatrUn=enemies; AtatAyinaH=sinners; hatvA=having killed; adharmaH=not Dharma; kashchit=even a little; na=not; vidyate=exists; shAtravANAM=of enemies; prayAchanam=begging; adharmyam=not consistent with Dharma; ayashasya.n=not consistent with bringing fame; cha=and; (asti)=is. anuvaadaH In killing these sinners, there does not exist, even a little, un-righteousness. Begging enemies, is not righteous and does not bring fame. shlokaH 22 hR^idgatastasya yaH kAmasta.n kurudhvamatandritAH . nisR^iShTa.n dhR^itarAShTreNa rAjyaM prApnotu pANDavaH .. 22..\\ padavibhaagaH hR^idgataH tasya yaH kAmaH ta.n kurudhvam atandritAH . nisR^iShTa.n dhR^itarAShTreNa rAjyaM prApnotu pANDavaH . anvayaH yaH kAmaH tasya hR^idgataH ta.n atandritAH (yUyam) kurudhvam. dhR^itarAShTreNa nisR^iShTa.n rAjyaM pANDavaH prApnotu. pratipadaarthaH yaH=whoever; kAmaH=desire; tasya=of him (Yudhisthira); hR^idgataH=is seated in the mind; ta.n=that; atandritAH=alert; kurudhvam=you should do; dhR^itarAShTreNa=by Dhritharashtra; nisR^iShTa.n=abandoned; rAjyaM =kingdom; pANDavaH=Pandava;(Yudhisthira); prApnotu=let him get. anuvaadaH Whatever desire is in the mind of Yudhisthira, you all should do that alertly. Yudhisthira, should get the kingdom abandoned by Dhritarashtra. shlokaH 23 adya pANDusuto rAjya.n labhatAM vA yudhiShThiraH . nihatA vA raNe sarve svapsyanti vasudhAtale .. 23..\\ padavibhaagaH adya pANDusutaH rAjya.n labhatAM vA yudhiShThiraH . nihatAH vA raNe sarve svapsyanti vasudhAtale . anvayaH adya pANDusutaH yudhiShThiraH rAjya.n labhatAM vA sarve raNe nihatAH vasudhAtale svapsyanti vA. pratipadaarthaH adya=today; pANDusutaH=son of Pandu; yudhiShThiraH=Yudhisthira; rAjya.n=kingdom; labhatAM=should get; vA=either; vA=or; sarve=all; raNe=in the battlefield; nihatAH=having been killed; vasudhAtale=on the earth; svapsyanti=will sleep. anuvaadaH Today, either,Yudhisthira should get the kingdom, or all having been killed in the battlefield will sleep on the earth.