##=========================================================== UDYOGAPARVAM =========================================================== Two versions of "The Mahabharata" were used for this transalation I) available from internet at http://www.hscc.net/mahabharata/txt/05.txt in Itrans format. II) Gita press edition =========================================================== Dr. Sarasvati Mohan, Vikram Santurkar - June 2000 =========================================================== The transalation is organized as follows : Sloka - Sloka in original form. Padavibhaaga - Identification and separation of words from Sandhi. Anvaya - Sloka in prose order. Pratipadaartha - Meanings of each word in prose order Anuvaada - Transalation Certain compounds are explained in full detail. ===========================================================## ##================== Udyogaparvam - Section 2 ==================## baladeva shlokaH 1 shrutaM bhavadbhirgadapUrvajasya vAkya.n yathA dharmavadarthavachcha . ajAtashatroshcha hita.n hita.n cha duryodhanasyApi tathaiva rAGYaH .. 1..\\ padavibhaagaH shrutaM bhavadbhiH gada##-##pUrvajasya vAkya.n yathA dharmavat arthavat cha . ajAtashatroH cha hita.n hita.n cha duryodhanasya api tathA eva rAGYaH .. anvayaH gada##-##pUrvajasya yathA dharmavat arthavat cha vAkya.n ##(##asti##)## tathA eva ajAtashatroH hita.n api cha rAGYaH duryodhanasya hita.n ##(##asti##)## ##(##tat##)##bhavadbhiH shrutam. pratipadaarthaH gada##-##pUrvajasya##(comp.) ##gada##=Balarama;## pUrvajasya##=younger brother;## gada##-##pUrvajasya ##=of krishna;## yathA##=just as;## dharmavat##=enriched with dharma; ## arthavat##=enriched with meaning;## cha##=and;## vAkya.n##=sentence;## ##(##asti##)## tathaiva##=thus also;## ajAtashatroH##=of Yudhistira's;## hita.n##=benefit;## api##=also;## cha##=and;## rAGYaH##=king;## duryodhanasya##=of Duryodhana;## hita.n##=benefiting;## ##(##asti##)(##tat##)## bhavadbhiH##=by you all;## shrutaM##=heard;## anuvaadaH ##You all heard the words of Sri Krishna, the younger brother of Balarama, which are full of dharma and meaning, and beneficial to Yudhistira and also king Duryodhana.## shlokaH 2 ardha.n hi rAjyasya visR^ijya vIrAH kuntIsutAstasya kR^ite yatante . pradAya chArdha.n dhR^itarAShTraputraH sukhI sahAsmAbhiratIva modet .. 2..\\ padavibhaagaH ardha.n hi rAjyasya visR^ijya vIrAH kuntIsutAH tasya kR^ite yatante. pradAya cha ardha.n dhR^itarAShTra##-##putraH sukhI saha asmAbhiH atIva modet .. anvayaH kuntIsutAH vIrAH rAjyasya ardha.n visR^ijya tasya kR^ite yatante. ardha.n pradAya asmAbhiH saha cha sukhI dhR^itarAShTra##-##putraH atIva modet. pratipadaarthaH kuntIsutAH##=son's of Kunti;## vIrAH##=warriors;## rAjyasya##=of the kingdom;## ardha.n##=half;## visR^ijya##=after losing;## tasya##=of it;## kR^ite##=for his(Duryodhana) sake;## yatante##=try;## ardha.n##=half;## pradAya##=given away;## asmAbhiH saha##=together with us;## cha##=and;## sukhI##=happy;## dhR^itarAShTra##-##putraH ##=son of Dhritarashtra;## atIva##=extremely;## modet##=should be pleased [that there is no war].## anuvaadaH ##The great warrior sons of Kunti, try to give away half of the kingdom for the sake of Duryodhana. The son of Dhritarashtra, should be extremely pleased, together with us, after giving half the kingdom [that there is no war]## shlokaH 3 labdhvA hi rAjyaM puruShapravIrAH samyakpravR^itteShu pareShu chaiva . dhruvaM prashAntAH sukhamAvisheyuH teShAM prashAntishcha hitaM prajAnAm .. 3..\\ padavibhaagaH labdhvA hi rAjyaM puruShapravIrAH samyak pravR^itteShu pareShu cha eva . dhruvaM prashAntAH sukham AvisheyuH teShAM prashAntiH cha hitaM prajAnAm . anvayaH puruShapravIrAH rAjyaM labdhvA hi samyak pareShu pravR^itteShu cha dhruvaM prashAntAH sukham AvisheyuH##,## teShAM prashAntiH cha prajAnAm hitam . pratipadaarthaH puruShapravIrAH##=The great heroes;## rAjyaM##=kingdom;## labdhvA##=after getting;## hi##=indeed;## pareShu##=when the enemies;## samyak##=well;## pravR^itteShu##=treat well;## cha##=and;## dhruvaM##=certainly;## prashAntAH ##=calm;## sukham##=happiness;## AvisheyuH##=should have;## teShAM##=of them;## prashAntiH##=peace;## cha##=and;## prajAnAm##=of the people## hitaM##=benefit;## anuvaadaH ## The great heroes after obtaining the kingdom, indeed will be happy and at peace if the enemies treat them well.This will ensure the peace of other's (Kauravas) and also benefit the people.## shlokaH 4 duryodhanasyApi mata.n cha vettuM vaktu.n cha vAkyAni yudhiShThirasya . priyaM mama syAdyadi tatra kashchit vrajechchhamArtha.n kurupANDavAnAm .. 4..\\ padavibhaagaH duryodhanasya api mata.n cha vettuM vaktu.n cha vAkyAni yudhiShThirasya . priyaM mama syAt yadi tatra kashchit vrajet shamArtha.n kurupANDavAnAm . anvayaH duryodhanasya mata.n vettuM api cha yudhiShThirasya vAkyAni vaktu.n cha kurupANDavAnAm shamArtha.n yadi tatra kashchit vrajet ##(##tataH##)## priyaM mama syAt. pratipadaarthaH duryodhanasya##=of Duryodhana;## mata.n##=belief,view;## vettuM##=to know;## api##=also;## cha##=and;## yudhiShThirasya##=of Yudhistira;## vAkyAni##=sentences;## vaktu.n##=to speak;## cha##=and;## kurupANDavAnAm##=of Kuru-Pandavas;## shamArtha.n##=for calming;## yadi##=if;## tatra##=there;## kashchit##=someone;## vrajet##=should go;## ##(##tataH##)=then;## priyaM##=pleasing;## mama##=to me;## syAt##=should be;## anuvaadaH ##If someone should go, in order to know the views of Duryodhana and to speak on behalf of Yudhisthira and for the purpose of calming the Kuru-Pandava clan, then that should be pleasing to me.## shlokaH 5 sa bhIShmamAmantrya kurupravIraM vaichitravIrya.n cha mahAnubhAvam . droNa.n saputraM vidura.n kR^ipaM cha gAndhArarAja.n cha sasUtaputram .. 5..\\ padavibhaagaH sa bhIShmaM Amantrya kurupravIraM vaichitravIrya.n cha mahAnubhAvam . droNa.n saputraM vidura.n kR^ipaM cha gAndhArarAja.n cha sasUtaputram . anvayaH saH ##(##dUtaH##)## kurupravIraM bhIShmaM mahAnubhAvam vaichitravIrya.n cha saputraM droNa.nvidura.n kR^ipaM cha sasUtaputram gAndhArarAja.n cha Amantrya. pratipadaarthaH saH##=he;## ##(##dUtaH##)=messenger;## kurupravIraM##= heroes of Kuru clan;## bhIShmaM##=Bhisma;## mahAnubhAvam##=Dhritarashtra;## vaichitravIrya.n##=hero of Vichitra clan;## cha##=and;##saputraM##=his son; ## droNa.n##=Dronacharya;## vidura.n##=Vidura;## kR^ipaM ##=Kripacharya;## cha##=and;## sasUtaputram##=along with Karna;## gAndhArarAja.n ##=King of Gaandhara;## cha##=and;## Amantrya##=after paying respects;## anuvaadaH ##He the messenger, after paying his respects to, Bhishma, the hero of Kuru clan, hero of Vichitra clan, (Dhritharashtra), Drona and his son, Vidura, Kripacharya and King of Gaandhara and Karna## shlokaH 6 sarve cha ye.anye dhR^itarAShTraputrAH balapradhAnA nigamapradhAnAH . sthitAshcha dharmeShu yathA svakeShu lokapravIrAH shrutakAlavR^iddhAH .. 6..\\ padavibhaagaH sarve cha ye anye dhR^itarAShTraputrAH balapradhAnAH nigama##-##pradhAnAH . sthitAH cha dharmeShu yathA svakeShu lokapravIrAH shruta##-##kAla##-##vR^iddhAH . anvayaH anye dhR^itarAShTraputrAH cha ye sarve balapradhAnAH nigama##-##pradhAnAH. yathA svakeShu dharmeShu sthitAH cha lokapravIrAH shruta##-##kAla##-##vR^iddhAH. pratipadaarthaH anye##=other## dhR^itarAShTraputrAH##=sons of Dhritarashtra;## cha##=and## ye##=who;## sarve##=all;## balapradhAnAH##=great strength;## nigama##-##pradhAnAH ##(comp.)## nigama##=vedas;## pradhAnAH##=prominent,great;## nigama##-##pradhAnAH##=learned; (who hold Vedas as prominent)## yathA##=just as;## svakeShu## =own work;## dharmeShu ##=in dharma;## sthitAH##=established;## cha##=and;## lokapravIrAH##=the best people;## shruta##-##kAla##-##vR^iddhAH##(comp.)## shrutam##=in learning;## kAlam##=in time; ## vR^iddhAH##=advanced;## shruta##-##kAla##-##vR^iddhAH##=the learned and the old;## anuvaadaH ## (following from previous sloka - describing the people the messenger should address) And other sons of Dhritarashtra, who all are, strong warriors, well learned in Vedas, established in Dharma, the best of the people and advanced in learning and age.## shlokaH 7 eteShu sarveShu samAgateShu paureShu vR^iddheShu cha sa~NgateShu . bravItu vAkyaM praNipAtayuktaM kuntIsutasyArthakara.n yathA syAt .. 7..\\ padavibhaagaH eteShu sarveShu samAgateShu paureShu vR^iddheShu cha sa~NgateShu . bravItu vAkyaM praNipAta##-##yuktaM kuntIsutasya artha##-##kara.n yathA syAt . anvayaH eteShu sarveShu samAgateShu paureShu vR^iddheShu cha sa~NgateShu . ##(##saH##)## praNipAta##-##yuktaM kuntIsutasya artha##-##kara.n yathA syAt vAkyaM bravItu. pratipadaarthaH sarveShu##=when all;## eteShu##=these;## samAgateShu##=assembled;## paureShu##=people;## vR^iddheShu##=old people;## cha##=and;## sa~NgateShu##=when collected;## ##(##saH##)=he;## praNipAta##-##yuktaM##(comp.)## praNipAtaH##=falling at their feet; prostration## yuktaM##=together;## praNipAta##-##yuktaM##=bow down to show respect;## kuntIsutasya##=of Yudhistira;## Artha##-##kara.n##=beneficial;## yathA##=just as;## syAt##=should be;## vAkyaM##=sentences;## bravItu##=should speak;## anuvaadaH ##And when all these people have assembled, he(messenger) should prostrate showing respect, and should speak words for the benefit of Yudhistira.## shlokaH 8 sarvAsvavasthAsu cha te na kopyA grasto hi so.artho balamAshritaistaiH . priyAbhyupetasya yudhiShThirasya dyUte pramattasya hR^ita.n cha rAjyam .. 8..\\ padavibhaagaH sarvAsu avasthAsu cha te na kopyA grastaH hi saH arthaH balamAshritaiH taiH . priyAbhyupetasya yudhiShThirasya dyUte pramattasya hR^ita.n cha rAjyam . anvayaH sarvAsu avasthAsu cha te na kopyA taiH balamAshritaiH hi saH arthaH grastaH. priyAbhyupetasya yudhiShThirasya dyUte pramattasya hR^ita.n cha rAjyam . pratipadaarthaH sarvAsu##=in all;## avasthAsu##=state,condition;## cha##=and;## te##=they (Kauravas);## na##=not;## kopyA##=angered;## taiH##=by them;## balamAshritaiH##=being strong;## hi##=indeed;## saH##=that;## arthaH##=wealth, kingdom;## grastaH##=possessed;## priyAbhyupetasya##=agreed, promised;## yudhiShThirasya##=of Yudhistira;## dyUte##=in gambling;## pramattasya##=careless;## hR^ita.n##=lost;## cha##=and;## rAjyam##=kingdom;## anuvaadaH ##And they(Kauravas) should not be angered in any condition, as they possess the kingdom by being in a position of strong. Yudhisthira, having agreed by promise and careless in gambling, lost the kingdom.## shlokaH 9 nivAryamANashcha kurupravIraiH sarvaiH suhR^idbhirhyayamapyatajGYaH . gAndhArarAjasya sutaM matAkShaM samAhvayaddevitumAjamIDhaH .. 9..\\ padavibhaagaH nivAryamANaH cha kurupravIraiH sarvaiH suhR^idbhiH hi ayam api atajGYaH . gAndhArarAjasya sutaM matAkShaM samAhvayat devitum AjamIDhaH . anvayaH sarvaiH kurupravIraiH suhR^idbhiH cha nivAryamANaH api hi ayam atajGYaH AjamIDhaH gAndhArarAjasya sutaM matAkShaM devitum samAhvayat. pratipadaarthaH sarvaiH##=by all;## kurupravIraiH##=by heros of Kurus;## suhR^idbhiH##=brothers;## cha##=and;## nivAryamANaH##=being prevented;## api##=even though;## hi##=indeed;## ayam##=this;## atajGYaH##=un-knowledgeable;## AjamIDhaH##=Yudhistira;## gAndhArarAjasya##=of the King of Gandhara;## sutaM##=son;## matAkShaM##=well versed in playing dice;## devitum##=to gamble;## samAhvayat##=invited;## anuvaadaH ## Eventhough being prevented by great heros of Kurus, brothers and all, this un-knowledgable Yudhistira invited the well versed (in gambling) son of the King of Gandhar to gamble.## shlokaH 10 durodarAstatra sahasrasho.anye yudhiShThiro yAnviShaheta jetum . utsR^ijya tAnsaubalameva chAyaM samAhvayattena jito.akShavatyAm .. 10..\\ padavibhaagaH durodarAH tatra sahasrashaH anye yudhiShThiraH yAn viShaheta jetum . utsR^ijya tAn saubalam eva cha ayaM samAhvayat tena jitaH akShavatyAm . anvayaH tatra anye sahasrashaH durodarAH yAn yudhiShThiraH viShaheta jetum. tAn utsR^ijya ayaM saubalam eva samAhvayat cha tena jitaH akShavatyAm. pratipadaarthaH tatra##=there;## anye##=other;## sahasrashaH##=thousand's;## durodarAH##=gamblers;## yAn##=whom;## yudhiShThiraH##=Yudhistira;## viShaheta##=should have endured;## jetum##=to win## tAn##=all them;## utsR^ijya##=leaving, discarding;## ayaM##=he;## saubalaM##=Sakuni;## eva##=only;## samAhvayat##=invited;## cha##=and;## tena##=by him;## jitaH##=was won over(Yudhisthira) ;## akShavatyAm##=in the game of dice;## anuvaadaH ##There were thousands of gamblers, who Yudhistira should be able to defeat. But, discarding all of them, he invited Sakuni only and was defeated by him at dice.## shlokaH 11 sa dIvyamAnaH pratidevanena akSheShu nitya.n suparA~NmukheShu . sa.nrambhamANo vijitaH prasahya tatrAparAdhaH shakunerna kashchit .. 11..\\ padavibhaagaH saH dIvyamAnaH pratidevanena akSheShu nitya.n suparA~NmukheShu . sa.nrambhamANaH vijitaH prasahya tatra aparAdhaH shakuneH na kashchit . anvayaH saH dIvyamAnaH akSheShu nitya.n suparA~NmukheShu sa.nrambhamANaH pratidevanena vijitaH prasahya tatra aparAdhaH shakuneH na kashchit . pratipadaarthaH saH##=he;## dIvyamAnaH##=playing;## akSheShu##=in dice;## nitya.n##=always;## suparA~NmukheShu##=in those who have face turned away (losing);## sa.nrambhamANaH##=being excited;## pratidevanena##=by the other player;## vijitaH##=defeated;## prasahya##=forcibly;## tatra##=there;## aparAdhaH##=fault;## shakuneH##=of Sakuni;## nakashchit##not at all;## anuvaadaH ##He, playing in dice, always losing (having face turned away), being excited was defeated by the other player. In that there is no fault of Sakuni.## shlokaH 12 tasmAtpraNamyaiva vacho bravItu vaichitravIryaM bahusAmayuktam . tathA hi shakyo dhR^itarAShTraputraH svArthe niyoktuM puruSheNa tena .. 12..\\ padavibhaagaH tasmAt praNamya eva vachaH bravItu vaichitravIryaM bahu##-##sAma##-##yuktam . tathA hi shakyaH dhR^itarAShTraputraH svArthe niyoktuM puruSheNa tena. anvayaH tasmAt vaichitravIryaM praNamya eva bahu##-##sAma##-##yuktam vachaH bravItu. tathA hi dhR^itarAShTraputraH tena puruSheNa svArthe niyoktuM shakyaH. pratipadaarthaH tasmAt##=Therefore;## vaichitravIryaM##=Dhritarashtra;## praNamya##=after bowing;## eva##=only;## bahu##-##sAma##-##yuktam##(comp.)## bahu##=great;## sAma##=pacifying measure;## yuktam##=together with;## bahu##-##sAma##-##yuktam ##=concilliatory;## vachaH##=words;## bravItu##=may he speak;## tathA##=Then;## hi##=indeed;## dhR^itarAShTraputraH##=Duryodhana;## tena##=by him;## puruSheNa##=by that person;## svArthe##=in selfish motive;## niyoktuM##=to use;## shakyaH ##=will be able;## anuvaadaH ## Therefore (the messenger) after bowing to Dhritarashtra, should speak concilliatory words. Indeed then, Duryodhana will be able to use him for his selfish purpose.## shlokaH 13 evaM bruvatyeva madhupravIre shinipravIraH sahasotpapAta . tachchApi vAkyaM parinindya tasya samAdade vakyamida.n samanyuH .. 13..\\ padavibhaagaH evaM bruvati eva madhupravIre shinipravIraH sahasA utpapAta . tat cha api vAkyaM parinindya tasya samAdade vakyam ida.n samanyuH . anvayaH evaM bruvati eva madhupravIre shinipravIraH sahasA utpapAta . tat cha api tasya vAkyaM parinindya samanyuH ida.n vakyam samAdade. pratipadaarthaH evaM##=Thus;## bruvati##=as he says;## eva##=only;## madhupravIre##=when Balarama;## shinipravIraH##=Satyaki;## sahasA##=forcibly;## utpapAta##=stood up;## tat##=that;## cha ##=and;## api##=also;## tasya##=of his;## vAkyaM##=speech;## parinindya##=reviling;## samanyuH##=with resentment;## ida.n##=this;## vakyam##speech;## samAdade##=gave(presented);## anuvaadaH ## When Balarama was finishing his talk, Satyaki forcibly stood up. And after reviling Balarama's speech, angrily presented his words.## ##================== End - Section 2 ==================##